Finland is transitioning from a monopoly-based gambling system to a competitive licensing system. For operators considering a Finnish licence, and for investors assessing market entry plans, intellectual property (IP) can be both a material risk factor and a source of competitive advantage. The legislative basis for the reform was set out in Government Proposal (HE) 16/2025, and the reform has progressed through Parliament.

While the policy direction is clear, implementation details and the timetable have evolved. Licence applications are expected to open in 2026, with licensed operations expected to commence in 2027.

Context: Finland’s gambling system reform

The reform aims to open parts of the market to competition under a licence-based model while strengthening supervision and harm-prevention mechanisms. At a high level, the licensing system is expected to apply to key online gambling verticals, including online betting and online casino games, while certain product categories are expected to remain under Veikkaus’ exclusive control.

The Government Proposal also considers experiences from other Nordic jurisdictions that have transitioned to licensing systems, including models where state-owned operators retain exclusivity in certain product categories. A similar structure is expected in Finland, and it is likely to increase the practical relevance of patents and registered designs in the sector as competition intensifies.

For licence applicants and investors, the practical point is that regulatory readiness, technical build and vendor contracting will need to be sequenced against a developing implementation framework. IP planning should run in parallel because it affects what can be deployed, how quickly changes can be made, and what can credibly be protected once competition intensifies.

Patents: what can and cannot be protected

Under the European Patent Convention (EPC) and Finnish patent law, schemes, rules and methods for playing games are excluded from patentability when claimed ‘as such’ (see, for example, EPC Article 52(2)(c)). This applies to traditional games and to contemporary forms of gameplay, including gambling machines and video games.

In practical terms, a new game concept, payout table or bonus mechanic is not, by itself, patentable. However, technical solutions that implement, improve, secure or control gambling services may be patentable where they provide a technical contribution. In the gambling context, potentially patentable subject matter often includes technical architectures for gaming platforms and server systems, improvements to random number generation and integrity controls, technical monitoring systems supporting fraud prevention and anti-money laundering (AML) controls, responsible gambling tooling implemented as technical systems, and technical implementations for identity verification, player authentication and payment flows.

Patents in practice: litigation risk and negotiating leverage

Patents relating to gambling technology have already featured in Finnish disputes. In the Market Court (MAO) decision MAO:484/20, the dispute concerned Finnish patent FI 118907 relating to a method for offering bonus games, and the Market Court addressed jurisdictional questions connected with arbitration. The Market Court did not determine infringement on the merits, instead holding that the dispute fell within arbitration pursuant to an earlier settlement arrangement, therefore illustrating how gambling-related patents can shape both dispute posture and negotiating leverage.”

For market entrants, the practical lesson is that patent risk should be assessed as part of market entry planning and investment diligence. It is also a variable that can affect negotiations, particularly where a platform feature is commercially critical.

Freedom to operate: why early matters

Freedom to operate (FTO) means assessing whether planned product and platform features can be implemented and operated without infringing third-party patent rights that are in force in the target jurisdiction.

For Finland, the relevant patent landscape can include Finnish national patents, European patents validated in Finland, and European patents with unitary effect (Unitary Patents) that take effect in Finland. In addition, Unitary Patents (and certain European patents) may be litigated in the Unified Patent Court, which can increase the practical impact of infringement disputes across multiple participating states, including Finland.

FTO is preferable to carry out early. In gambling platform builds, procurement and vendor contracting often create lock-in, and core architectural choices can be difficult to change close to go-live. An early FTO workstream helps identify where redesign, licensing, product scoping, or an invalidity strategy may be required while timelines remain manageable.

Patents: protecting your own technology

Many operators develop proprietary platform components, fraud detection and compliance tooling, and responsible gambling analytics. Some of these assets can support a patent filing strategy, particularly where competitive advantage is driven by technical implementation rather than game logic. Veikkaus has also signalled an increased focus on protecting technical innovations, which underscores that the incumbent is likely to rely on IP as the market opens.

In Finland, common protection routes include national patents (including Finnish national patents) and European patents granted by the European Patent Office (EPO). Following grant, a European patent may be validated nationally (including in Finland) or, where commercially appropriate, may be given unitary effect (a ‘Unitary Patent’) for participating EU Member States. Because Unitary Patents can take effect in Finland, they can increase the number of patents that may be relevant to market entrants, including patents held by operators based outside Finland.

Registered designs: protecting what the player sees

Alongside patents, operators should consider registered design protection for GUIs and other visual assets.

Design protection is available at multiple levels relevant to Finland:

• Registered EU designs (REUDs) filed via the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) provide protection in all EU countries through a single registration.
• Finnish national registered designs filed via the Finnish Patent and Registration Office (PRH).
• International design registrations under the Hague system designating Finland, which are reflected in the PRH Designs Register and related databases.

At EU level, screen displays, icons and graphical user interfaces can be eligible for design registration when properly represented. Design rights are distinct from patents. Design rights protect only the appearance of a product, not its technical function or underlying technical solutions.

This distinction matters commercially. In online gambling, user experience and visual identity are often central competitive assets. Registered designs can deter close visual imitation and support enforcement where a competing service copies the look and feel of key interface elements, even if the underlying technical implementation differs.

A practical approach for operators and investors

In practice, we recommend that a gambling operator planning to apply for a Finnish licence proceeds in three stages. First, the operator should map its own technology and visual identity, including the solutions actually used in its platform, the game formats offered, and the look and feel of key user interfaces. Second, it should carry out freedom-to-operate clearance for Finland and, where necessary, the wider EU, and identify the principal risk areas. As part of the same exercise, it should determine which technical solutions and key user interface screens and elements merit protection through patents and/or registered designs, whether via national filings, a European patent, a Unitary Patent, or registered design protection at EU and/or national level. Third, it should implement an internal operating model for responding to potential patent or registered design assertions, monitoring competitors’ new filings, and evaluating licensing and cross-licensing as part of its wider commercial strategy.

A well-designed patent and registered design strategy supports a gambling operator’s position as Finland’s market opens. It helps manage risk in a landscape where the number of market participants is increasing and legal requirements are tightening, while also building protectable assets that can strengthen competitive advantage both in Finland and across the EU.

Key takeaways

• Finland’s gambling system is moving to a licensing system. Licence applications are expected to open in 2026, with licensed operations expected to commence in 2027.
• Game concepts and rules are generally not patentable as such in Europe, but technical solutions underpinning virtual games and online gambling services may be patentable. Licence applicants should factor in the possibility that relevant third-party rights may be in force in Finland.
• Freedom-to-operate (FTO) clearance should be treated as an early, core workstream for operators and investors, particularly for platform architecture, identity and payments, compliance tooling, and responsible gambling systems.
• Registered designs (including registered EU designs (REUDs) and Finnish national registered designs) can be an effective tool for protecting graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and other visual assets. Registered design protection is available for screen displays, icons and GUI elements, and registrations in these categories are widely used for digital products. In online gambling, where customer acquisition and retention are closely linked to interface design, artistic design and visual appeal, registered designs can be commercially significant.

How we can help

We support operators and investors entering Finland’s licensed gambling market by providing an integrated workstream that covers:

• Developing an IP strategy aligned with the licensing timetable and the build plan.
• Conducting freedom-to-operate clearance, including risk triage and mitigation options such as redesign, licensing and invalidity strategy.
• Drafting and filing patent applications covering Finnish national and European routes, including advice on validation in Finland and, where appropriate, unitary effect strategy.
• Drafting and filing registered designs, including registered EU designs and Finnish national registered designs, and coordinating international design registrations designating Finland where appropriate.
• Preparing dispute readiness, including response playbooks for patent or registered design assertions and support in negotiations.
• Monitoring competitors’ filings and managing portfolios to support long-term defensibility.